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Understanding the Submarine Cable Cuts Causing East Africa's Internet Disruption
Since Sunday, internet users in East and South Africa have been grappling with slow internet speeds.
The Communications Authority of Kenya (CA) announced on Monday, May 13, 2024, that slow internet speeds will continue in East Africa due to a deep-sea fiber cut affecting cable services in Kenya.
The Incident: Since Sunday, internet users in East and South Africa have been grappling with sluggish internet speeds due to damages incurred by major subsea cables in the Red Sea.
Impact on Users: Both fiber and mobile broadband users are experiencing outages, with internet service providers (ISPs) in the region working to minimize disruptions as they await full cable restoration.
Subsea Cable Basics
Overview: Submarine communication cables are fiber-optic cables laid on the ocean floor, facilitating data transmission, including internet and telephone traffic, between continents.
Deployment: These cables are deployed using specialized cable-laying ships and are buried near the shore for protection.
Internet Backbone: Subsea cables serve as the primary infrastructure for global internet connectivity, playing a pivotal role in powering telecommunications networks across continents.
Industry Insights
Scale: Over 570 undersea cables exist globally, with submarine cables meeting 90% of Africa's internet demands.
Ownership: These cables are predominantly owned by telecom operators and investors, with significant investments from tech giants like Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Amazon.
The Outage Incident
Affected Cables: The current outage involves three cuts in key submarine cables, namely Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy) and Seacom cables, impacting internet connectivity.
Cable Details: EASSy spans 10,000 kilometres along Africa's east and south coasts, while Seacom, extending 17,000 kilometres, runs along the continent's southern coasts.
Additional Damages: The Europe India Gateway (EIG) and Asia-Africa-Europe 1 (AAE-1) cables in the Red Sea also suffered cuts.
Impact Mitigation
Rerouting Traffic: Telecom companies and ISPs rely on multiple cable systems to reroute traffic during outages, ensuring uninterrupted service delivery.
Damage Causes
Human and Natural Factors: Submarine cable faults are often attributed to human activities like fishing and natural hazards such as earthquakes and landslides.
Recent Incidents: Previous instances include a suspected underwater rockslide off the coast of Cote d’Ivoire and ship anchor damage in the Red Sea.
Conflict-Related: Conflicts, like the war in Yemen, have contributed to cable damages, with accusations exchanged between parties involved.
Happy Monday!
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